Avoiding the “Big Crunch” – policies to prevent a deflationary world

The policymaker response to the slow burning growth crisis of the global economy remains uncoordinated across geographies and reflationary levers. It is a path that leads to mounting non-linear risks for global markets and growth. The global economy needs a more effective and coordinated policy response, one that can raise aggregate demand but also prevent some of the increasingly persistent, cyclical restraints to economic growth becoming structural. While there are growing signs that some key countries may switch to more effective reflationary policies, in all too many cases the political barrier to appropriate policy remains high, and may first require a period of pronounced market and economic dislocation which could mean a pyrrhic victory for investor portfolios positioned for a switch to reflation. However, short-of a sufficiently bold policy reflation, there are a number of policies which could meaningfully improve cyclical and secular global growth and which may face a lower political barrier to implementation. Some of these are already emerging onto the global policy agenda, and have the potential to provide a much needed upside risk to growth and market performance.

US worker productivity – An example of how insufficient and misdirected reflationary policies can lad to a cyclical restraint to growth becoming a structural one

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The income-lite recovery trend – does the UK labour market recovery portend continued weak US wage growth?

There is a comfortable consensus with respect to the US economy: the labour market has recovered and rising wage inflation could risk the Fed’s inflation mandate were it not to continue to tighten policy. This may prove to be a dangerous assumption. There are many reasons to believe that the headline US unemployment rate remains a poor guide to wage inflation. In addition, there are numerous additional factors that are restraining wage growth in the US and indeed across many countries in the G10. A comparison to the UK is instructive. The UK labour market recovery has been far stronger and broader than that of the US and yet wage growth is less than half the pre-crisis and long-term trend. Something is afoot in the G10 and is being overlooked by the consensus. Analysing the UK experience shows that many of the factors restraining wage growth are applicable to the US. Were these factors to continue to restrain wage growth, the Fed’s tightening cycle could increasingly resemble to a policy error. Continue reading

Is the US economy really ready for a rate hike?

When assessing the outlook for The Fed’s monetary policy the clear consensus view is that the US economy is “good to go” for a hike, and that weakness in overseas economies is providing the key restraint to lift-off. This viewpoint could under-estimate the scale of the policy error were the Fed to hike rates over the coming months. Quite simply, the US economy continues to face structural headwinds that are restraining growth and inflation and which argue against policy tightening. These structural headwinds hold the potential to restrain household income growth and consumer demand and give a “data dependent” Fed, quite literally, a reason for pause. There is a strong potential for the Fed to keep rates unchanged in 2015 and 2016. In fact, the structural headwinds in the US increase the economy’s vulnerability to external shocks, meaning that a renewed policy easing is not beyond the pale. Rather than an overshoot, the current rally in US interest rate markets may have further to go over the coming months. Continue reading

Japan – A stir of echoes. Anticipating QQE3 and beyond

Japan’s economy is exhibiting the same critical trends that were seen during its long expansion in the 2000s. The expected consequence is an income-lite growth path that challenges the BOJ achieving its 2% inflation target. More policy stimulus is needed, and QQE3 (and beyond) is likely to be forthcoming. Fears that shortages of JGBs will preclude further stimulus and require a BOJ taper into 2016 are misplaced: there are potentially over JPY200trn of JGBs that the BOJ can buy. More QQE will help restore the trend of a weak-JPY and support the Nikkei while investors should expect fresh record lows in JGB yields. The current move in USD/JPY below 120 is an opportunity to scale into USD-longs while for those that can overcome the ticker-shock of low yields, the “old faithful” point of the JPY interest rate market – the JPY IRS 7fwd 3yr – is looking appealing. Continue reading